It emerged from china and spread worldwide in a quick time span. Americans are hurt, he warned, when the defense budget squanders money that could be used to repair schools or to guarantee universal health care (Arias, 1999, p. A19). 1). The hope arises from historical evidence that the number of international wars, civil wars, and other types of armed conflict has in fact declined over the centuries, with the number in the past half-century much smaller than in centuries past (Pinker, 2012). Shaping in Strategic Competition: How to Win Friends and Influence People with Military Power Kyle Atwell | 02.06.23 Leitenberg, M. (2006). Many antiwar protests in the United States focused on the civilian suffering from napalm. Reid Kasprowicz A Flag for the Fallen CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind. Outline both sides to the debate over the size of the US military budget. (2011, November 11). Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. Women veterans say that when they do report rape and sexual assault, military officials typically either blame them for what happened, ignore the crime altogether, or give the offender a very mild punishment such as not being allowed to leave a military base for a short period. (1999). When it comes to our wars overseas, he adds, concern for the victims is limited to U.S. troops.. Americas defense meltdown: Pentagon reform for President Obama and the new Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Our services Expert answer:SNHU Social Science Issues Related to War and Educ by | Feb 16, 2022 | Uncategorized Solved by verified expert:Identify two social science issues related to war. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. The sociology of war is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the macro-level patterns of war making, how societies engage in warfare, the meaning that war has in society, and the relationship between state structure and war making. Bangor Daily News. (2012, January 8). By contrast, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspective views war through the lens of the social sciences, looking at the causes, processes and effects of war and drawing from a vast group of fields such as communication and mass media, economics, political science and law, psychology and sociology. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. Retrieved from http://www.alternet.org/world/151337/are_we_giant_suckers_while_the_us_blows_money_on_the_military,_europe _spends_dough_on_social_programs. Collier, E. C. (1993). Reflecting on these findings, an author of the study said, Its really time to focus on the children that are left behind (Ashton, 2011). Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. Washington rules: Americas path to permanent war. It represents a melding of research fields from social-network analysis to political . In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. Identify two social science issues related to education. US veterans: By the numbers. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Federal spending includes both mandatory and discretionary spending. War Resisters League. (2012, May 18). Nations also go to war for ideological reasons: they have certain belief systems that lead them to hold prejudice and other hostile feelings toward nations with different belief systems. These experts say the military budget is bloated for at least four reasons. Rafter, N. H. (1990). Key features include: According to a recent estimate, $1 billion spent by the Pentagon creates 11,200 jobs, but the same $1 billion spent in other sectors would create 16,800 clean energy jobs, 17,200 health-care jobs, and 26,700 education jobs (Pollin & Garrett-Peltier, 2011). We both wound up suspended for that one (Ashton, 2011). The two atomic bombs dropped by the United States over Japan during World War II killed tens of thousands of civilians. John Tirman, director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, worries that Americans have neglected the civilian victims of war. These theorists advocate a reflective or issues-centered curriculum and often emphasize curricular attention to social problems. The establishment of foreign bases provided the Commission of Government with an unforeseen amount of wealth, which it used to improve social services. Between the end of the colonial period and 1993, the US military was involved in at least 234 declared wars, undeclared wars, or other situations abroad involving actual or potential armed conflict (Collier, 1993). Military spending is good for workers, they add, because it creates jobs, and it also contributes to technological development (Boot, 2012; England, 2012; McKeon, 2012). Guns versus butter is a macroeconomics phrase that illustrates the dilemma that nations face in deciding their spending priorities. Critics of the military budget argue that it is more accurate to cite its share of discretionary spending rather than its share of all federal spending (i.e., mandatory plus discretionary). Bess, M. (2008). China ranked a distant second at $119 billion, followed by the United Kingdom at $60 billion and France at $49 billion (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010). McKeeby, D. (2008, February 25). (2012, February 18). The high unemployment rate of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need even more urgent. To be blunt, American troops simply shot untold hundreds of Korean and Vietnamese civilians in cold blood. As just one example of such waste, a 2011 federal audit found that cost overruns over the prior two years had added at least $70 billion to projected costs of various weapons systems (Drew, 2011). To put that another way, between 43 percent and 48 percent of all federal income tax dollars were used for military expenditures that year. The Nation. Since Arias wrote these words, the United States has spent more than $5.5 trillion on defense outlays in constant dollars (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010), including $1.3 trillion on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Military preparedness does not come cheap. Values may be influenced by multiple factors including social, religious, and personal views. The $300 million cost of each F-35 fighter aircraft could pay for the salaries of 10,000 new teachers. War is a social phenomenon in which a mixture of motives underlies decisions to go to war. As this brief discussion indicates, although the massacre of 347 Vietnamese at the hamlet of My Lai is undoubtedly the Vietnam massacre that is best known (and perhaps the only known) to the American public, massacres were far from rare and in fact were rather common. Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. Lochhead, C. (2012, February 14). All these killings were outright slaughter. After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. McKeon, H. P. B. Supporters of this role say the military has both protected and advanced the political and economic interests of the United States, while critics, as we have seen, charge that the military has been an instrument of imperialism. 7 answers. New York, NY: Penguin. In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. Tirman (2012, p. 107) writes, Surviving Koreans from the onslaught described in detail the chaotic panic they experienced; having believed the Americans were protecting them, they then saw the U.S. troops fire indiscriminately at men, women, and children at the scene. At the end of the three days, about four hundred civilians lay dead. Instances of use of United States forces abroad, 17981993. The social science research informs everything from national security to technology development to healthcare and economic management. The Washington Post. However, issues also affect higher education, and we examine a few of them here. Indeed, the Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the 2 million veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/. A key focus of their concern was the use of napalm. In terms of the risk of dying in war, then, the Mongolian wars were five times more deadly than World War II. (2011). Sources: Fischer, H. (2005). Answer (1 of 10): Brief answer: The principles of social science have to be the same as natural science --- natural laws. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. Religion is a very important ideology in this regard. napalm sticks to kids. 4 Units. Where do our income tax dollars go. Rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment in the military: The quick facts. Shah, A. Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 20032010. It also documents the psychological and health effects of military sexual assault (MSA). I see glimpses of him, but hes not who he was (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. US veterans: By the numbers. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. "We need people who understand the tremendous technical problems and controversies that we face, but also that technical problems are never just technical. The chief academic disciplines of the social sciences are anthropology, economics, history, political science, and sociology. These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010. Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. Why. New York, NY: Routledge. Some people think of war as a negative thing, and some people . Although 55 million is more than 40 million, the worlds population in the thirteenth century was only one-seventh its population during the World War II period. Poverty, discrimination, and addiction are examples of such problems. Dewan, S. (2011, December 18). International relations debates have become increasingly dominated by structural theories since Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. published their institutional argument in Power and Interdependence (1977). As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. A popular explanation comes from the field of evolutionary biology and claims that a tendency toward warfare is hardwired into our genetic heritage because it conferred certain evolutionary advantages. Depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic problems such as insomnia are the most common effects. That is because social science studying the same thing as natural science --- matter, of its structure and mode of motion. A recent study found that adolescents with a deployed parent are more likely than those with civilian parents to feel depressed and suicidal. New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering. Veterans with PTSD often end up with problems in their marriages or other relationships and are more likely to commit violence against their spouses or partners. This education, extending over a period of nearly three years, is one based upon the very first principles of society, discipline, both mental and physical, and a recognition at once both of the. A fifth and related group is composed of social reconstructionists or critical pedagogues, who cast social studies in schools in a leading role in the Advancements were made in health care, education, transportation, communication . The social sciences are concerned with the study of human society and with the relationship of individuals in, and to, society. A central part of US military strategy in Vietnam involved destroying rice fields and the rest of the countryside to make it difficult for the Vietcong forces to engage in guerrilla warfare. First, the human brain is far more advanced than the brains of other primates, and genetic instincts that might drive these primates behavior do not necessarily drive human behavior. Listen December 26, 2022 00:49:51 ), The Routledge handbook of security studies (pp. War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. (2012). War and social change in modern Europe: The great transformation revisited. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm; http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm; Hacker, J. D. (2011, September 20). The United States, of course, began with the colonial war against England. APA 950 words Get instant access to the full solution from by clicking the purchase button below $12.00 Added to cart Related Questions: Watch this clip from the popular TV show Adam Ruins Everything titled The Secret Reason Weed is Illegal . American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. When we think of the impact of war, the consequences for civilians and veterans as just discussed come most readily to mind. Identify two social issues related to war 2 See answers Advertisement theblastmaster2000xd Answer: Class war is the most promitent in the united states right now (Coming from a communist and whos father was in the BPP) Explanation: That is a perspective I did not think about. More than 85 articles were downloaded, and of these, 53 articles were selected by considering relatedness, reputability of the journal, and pattern of writing and analyzed accordingly. The cause for despair is twofold. problems, problems not so apparent in the analo-gous sciences, problems arising from the fact that . Wheeler, W. T. (2009). Hartung, W. D. (2012). It soon became the biggest social and economical problem for the whole world. 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